Generated by Rank Math SEO, this is an llms.txt file designed to help LLMs better understand and index this website. # Education Companion: Perfect Education Site ## Sitemaps [XML Sitemap](https://educom360.com/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages. ## Posts - [1 Great Way to Find a job no experience!](https://educom360.com/1-great-way-to-find-a-job-no-experience/): The job today is something that everyone cries for. However, with the advent of the information age, it gets easier and easier to find a more comfortable occupation, even with just your skills. - [Zambian Secondary School Science Syllabus G10-12](https://educom360.com/zambian-secondary-school-science-syllabus-g10-12/): This is the Zambian Secondary School Science Syllabus, 2013 version produced by the Zambian Curriculum Development Centre (CDC). This syllabus has been uploaded to help Secondary pupils and GCE candidates to find a better guide to use the courses and the Pastpapers already uploaded in our websites. - [Here are 2 Best Study Techniques for exams](https://educom360.com/study-techniques-for-students/): Study techniques for students relevance can be easily understood if we recall the effects of academic performance on learners' self-esteem and self-concept. People have different intellectual capacity or Intelligence quotient (IQ) and also, proceed differently when it comes to the academic matters. We all have different favorable time to study. Neither do we spend the same time on prep for a test or exam. - [Self-esteem and self-concept: 4 Amazing Facts](https://educom360.com/self-esteem-and-self-concept-for-academic-achievement/): Both self-esteem and self-concept have been argued for a long time to boost the learners' academic achievement. This is because the drive to achieve anything in life, purely depends on how one positions themselves in that quest. To that effect, we assert that these two components of our personality are crucial elements for any goal that we strive to achieve. - [Best Practices for Relaxation During Holidays for College and University Students](https://educom360.com/best-practices-for-relaxation-during-holidays-for-college-and-university-students/): Physical well-being is equally enhanced through relaxation. Engaging in leisurely activities, whether it be spending time with loved ones or pursuing hobbies, serves as a remedy for the physical fatigue caused by long hours of studying. Better sleep quality, increased energy levels, and a strengthened immune system are often reported benefits of a balanced approach to relaxation during holidays. In essence, these benefits collectively contribute to a holistic sense of well-being, which is essential for sustained academic performance. Recognizing the importance of relaxation is a key step for students aiming to achieve a healthy balance between their academic commitments and personal well-being. - [Finalised Zambian O-Level Physics Syllabus Form 1-4 Dec 2024](https://educom360.com/https-educom360-com-finalised-zambian-o-level-physics-syllabus-form-1-4-dec-2024/): This is the Zambian O-level Physics Syllabus Form 1-4, Dec. 2024 version, produced by the Zambian Curriculum Development Centre (CDC). We uploaded this syllabus to help secondary pupils and GCE candidates find a better guide to use the courses and the past papers that have already been uploaded to our websites. - [The Math of Music: How Notes and Numbers Connect 🎵](https://educom360.com/the-math-of-music-how-notes-and-numbers-connect-%f0%9f%8e%b5/): In this exploration of the math of music, we will delve into how notes and numbers connect, revealing the underlying mathematical principles that shape the melodies and harmonies we cherish. - [PROPERTIES OR EFFECTS OF STATIC ELECTRICITY](https://educom360.com/properties-or-effects-of-static-electricity/): This post aims to demonstrate and explain the properties and effects of static electricity, shedding light on its significance and implications for everyday life and advanced technology. - [Electric Discharge. How does it work?](https://educom360.com/electric-discharge-how-does-it-work/): Many of the everyday effects of electrostatics involve a charged object losing its charge and being neutralised. This is called: electric discharge. Some common examples are discussed below. - [Experiment 2.2: Area Expansion of Solids](https://educom360.com/experiment-2-2-area-expansion-of-solids/): Area expansion of solids refers to the increase in the surface area of a solid when it is heated. This phenomenon occurs because the atoms in the solid vibrate more vigorously as the temperature rises, causing them to move slightly further apart. - [Experiment 2.1: Linear expansion of Solids](https://educom360.com/experiment-2-1-linear-expansion-of-solids/): The increase in the length of a body resulting from being heated is known as “linear expansion”, the increase in area is known as “area (superficial) expansion”. And the increase in volume as “cubical expansion” - [Theories of Aging Fully Explained](https://educom360.com/theories-of-aging-fully-explained/): Different disciplines have developed theories of aging due to the complex nature of aging process. These theories will be discussed under the following perspective biological, sociological and psychological theories of aging. We will discuss the nursing theories that applied to nursing care of the aged. The importance of theories in the nursing practice will also be highlighted. - [New 2023 Zambia Education Curriculum Framework Is Here](https://educom360.com/2023-zambia-education-curriculum-framework/): The 2023 Zambia Education Curriculum Framework (ZECF) has been developed not only to provide guidance on the preferred type of education for our nation, but also to provide clear curriculum guidelines, as well as the structures at all levels, from Early Childhood Education (ECE) to Tertiary Education and Youth and Adult Literacy Education. - [Discovering Africa’s Big 5: From the Mighty Lion to the Majestic Elephant and 3 More](https://educom360.com/discovering-africas-big-5-from-the-mighty-lion-to-the-majestic-elephant-and-3-more/): Discover the Africa’s Big 5 and learn about the majestic animals that make up this iconic group. From the powerful Lion, known as the King of the Jungle, to the intelligent Elephant, each member of the Big Five has its own unique characteristics and importance in African wildlife. - [Exploring the World of Online Learning Platforms: Types, Pros and Cons](https://educom360.com/exploring-the-world-of-online-learning-platforms-types-pros-and-cons-and-how-to-choose-the-best-one-for-you/): Looking to enhance your skills or gain new knowledge? Online learning platforms may be the perfect solution for you. In this article, we’ll introduce you to the world of online learning platforms and explore the different types available. We’ll also weigh the advantages and disadvantages of using these platforms and provide tips on how to choose the right one for your needs. Whether you’re looking to advance your career or simply learn something new, this comprehensive guide will help you navigate the world of online learning platforms with ease. - [Top 10 Universities in Zambia 2023. A Comprehensive Overview](https://educom360.com/top-10-universities-in-zambia-2023-a-comprehensive-overview/):  Looking for the best universities in Zambia? This article provides a comprehensive overview of the top 10 universities in Zambia as a country. From exploring the education landscape to discussing the methodology used for ranking, this article recognizes the excellence of Zambian higher education institutions. Whether you're a student or a parent, this article will help you make an informed decision about pursuing higher education in Zambia. - [3 Reasons Why Relaxation After Work Is The Best Practice For You](https://educom360.com/7-reasons-why-relaxation-after-work-is-the-best-practice-for-you/):  You may be wondering why relaxation is the best practice after work, or if you need to relax at all. The answer is that we all need to relax! This article will outline 3 reasons why you should make relaxation after work a part of your daily routine. - [THE PRINCIPLE AND FACTORS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT](https://educom360.com/the-principle-and-factors-of-growth-and-development/):  Each child’s path or pattern of growth and development is determined by genetic and environmental factors. These are known as factors of growth and Development. The genetic factors determine the potential and limitations of growth and development. - [DEFINITION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT](https://educom360.com/definition-of-growth-and-development/):  Growth and Development, also known as Developmental Psychology is a branch of Psychology that studies age dynamics of the human psyche. It includes child Psychology, teenage psychology, adult psychology, and old age psychology. - [Educational Psychology. 3 Facts in the Concept](https://educom360.com/educational-psychology-3-facts-in-the-concept/):  We have previously explained psychology and some of its branches, which include educational psychology. Having defined and described the nature of Psychology let us now look specifically at Educational Psychology. In this article, we shall define and describe the latter branch in a specific way. We will discuss it in terms of its definition and more importantly, why is it an essential area of study for prospective teachers. This knowledge will enable us to assess the measure in which our knowledge meets the objective of preparing us for a teaching career. - [5 Main Approaches of Psychology](https://educom360.com/5-main-approaches-of-psychology/):  An approach is a perspective or view that involves certain assumptions or beliefs about human behaviour regarding the way they function, which aspects of them are worthy of study and what research methods are appropriate for undertaking this study. While psychologists may differ on which kinds of behaviour are important, they do agree that the study of behaviour must be systematic. The use of a systematic method of asking and answering questions about why people think, act, and feel as they do reduces the chances of coming to false conclusions. Many different approaches are necessary to understand the complex richness of human behaviour. There may be several different theories within an approach, but they all share these common assumptions. - [STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING](https://educom360.com/strategic-marketing-planning/): Companies that adopt the marketing concept realize that marketing efforts are more successful when they are carefully planned. Strategic marketing planning is the process of examining a company's market opportunities, allocating resources to capitalize on those opportunities, and predicting market and financial performance that is likely to occur. From this definition, you should understand that the aim of strategic planning is to shape the company's businesses and products so that they yield target profits and growth. - [Educational Research. 3 Types Based on Typology](https://educom360.com/educational-research-3-types-based-on-typology/): If we classify educational researches based on the goals of the particular investigation and the use to be made of it, then we will have basic research, applied research and developmental research. - [EHS 2110: HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY](https://educom360.com/ehs-2110-human-anatomy-physiology-and-microbiology/): HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY is meant to demonstrate relevant biomedical knowledge related to environmental health in the control of communicable and non-communicable diseases. - [EHS 2110: HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY](https://educom360.com/ehs-2110-human-anatomy-physiology-and-microbiology-2/): HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY is meant to demonstrate relevant biomedical knowledge related to environmental health in the control of communicable and non-communicable diseases. - [Introduction to Pragmatic Research Methods](https://educom360.com/introduction-to-pragmatic-research-methods/): However, not all pragmaticists view their subject as science although, at one point or another, they have had to apply one or more scientific methods. In this article, we shall be examining some general methods of pragmatic research that you will need to familiarise yourself with and in fact, get involved in. Topics that are investigable will be suggested, which means that after this study you should be able to carry out pragmatic research work on any topic of your choice. - [REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS](https://educom360.com/representation-of-functions/): Please Click to open the lesson: REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS - [Sports Marketing. What you may not know about the strategy.](https://educom360.com/sports-marketing-what-you-may-not-know-about-the-strategy/): This topic introduces you to the concept of sports marketing and the three dimensions of sports marketing. We shall also distinguish sports products from non-sports products and also explain the various benefits derived from sports marketing - [QUADRANTS](https://educom360.com/quadrants/): Please click to open pdf file: QUADRANTS - [Instagram Marketing | Business Mind.](https://educom360.com/instagram-marketing-business-mind/) - [PSYCHOLOGY AS THE STUDY OF OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR IN THE LIGHT OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, OPERANT CONDITIONING AND HUMANISTIC THEORY](https://educom360.com/psychology-as-the-study-of-observable-behavior-in-the-light-of-classical-conditioning-operant-conditioning-and-humanistic-theory/): Many people do not know that psychology is describe as the study of observable behavior by some scholars in their theories. As teachers, it is very imperative to discuss and understand this observable behaviour if we are to effectively teach and faze away phobia, stubbornness, and bad repercussion pupil have on teachers. The whole idea is to make them perform well in their school academic, have respect for their teachers and a considerable behaviour towards fellow pupils. observing the behavior of pupils will enable us to understand why they behave in such a way and create a better response to overcome that behaviour so that he or she can have a better future or prepare a pupil for future leadership. - [Literature Review in Social Science Research](https://educom360.com/literature-review-in-social-science-research/): This post reviews the importance of literature related to the study. As a researcher you ought to abstract the Previous research studies , and review significant writings of authorities in the area under study. Literature review provides a background for the development of the present study and brings the reader up to date. Since further research is based upon everything that we know about a problem this section gives evidence of the investigator's knowledge of the field. We should therefore include a brief summary, indicating areas of agreement or disagreement in findings, or gaps in existing knowledge. - [Computer Virus](https://educom360.com/computer-virus/): In "Code-wars" two players were to code a set of programs that would destroy the other players programs. Realizing the potential danger of such programs, the authors did not reveal the presence of such programs. Concurrently, at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, students were carrying out experiments with computer, which no body had ever tried. Their relatively harmless hobby of messing up with programs gave rise to the idea and concept of computer viruses. - [TYPES AND THEORIES OF CAREER](https://educom360.com/types-and-theories-of-career/): Theories of career are many and assist in the excavation of crucial underlining traits, factors and needs that are fulfilled by career both for the individual, policymakers, educators and society in general. - [SELF-IDENTITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT](https://educom360.com/self-identity-and-career-development/): Career development is situated within organizational environment, where it involves levels of employees who are individually responsible for growth or development of their career. Organizations do however formulate career development policies which determine how talents are sourced, utilized, upgraded and discarded. Effective career development has been said to improve employee satisfaction and self-esteem, minimizes stress, and strengthens the employees’ psychological and physical health. Effective career development is also of benefit to the organization as well as the individual employee. - [Conflict and Negotiation. All you must know](https://educom360.com/conflict-and-negotiation/): Conflict is endemic in organisational life because of the complications of diversity, culture, ideology, individual and group differences and the diversity of interests and goals of members of the organisation. - [ERGONOMICS. THE CONCEPT](https://educom360.com/ergonomics/): People and machines make up the systems that operate in large and small organisations. The goal or ergonomics is efficient and effective man-machine systems that are based on understanding of human factors as important input in machine and equipment designs. To do this, human capacities and limitations are viewed and built appropriately into the reception, coding, transmission and interpretation of information taking into consideration opportunities and limitations imposed by the environment. - [ATTITUDE AND WORK](https://educom360.com/attitude-and-work/): Since work is important component of life and living, people tend to develop different attitudes towards different work aspects. Most mornings we leave our homes set off to work in formal organisations such as banks, schools hospitals, retail shops and informal settings like market places, farms and barbing salons. In the workplace people engage in myriad of activities, they interact, communicate and learn from one another things they would otherwise not been exposed to. - [Performance Appraisal. The Concept](https://educom360.com/performance-appraisal/): Performance appraisal or performance evaluation is the systematic evaluation of an individual employee with respect to job performance. It is targeted at the evaluation of the performance, personality, and potential of group members. Since performance is about the extent of attainment of specific job targets, appraisal assists in evaluating and communicating factors on the job that enhances or hinders goals attainment. It could be carried out. - [LEARNING AND TRAINING](https://educom360.com/learning-and-training/): Learning is a key and most used tool for individual growth and organisational development. Learning strategies are encapsulated in all training efforts of organisations. Training is a bonafide activity of the human resource department conducted by industrial/organisational or personnel psychologists with the aim of improving employees’ competencies for improved productivity and organisational development. - [Meaning of Industrial and Organizational Psychology](https://educom360.com/meaning-of-industrial-and-organizational-psychology/): Industrial or Organizational Psychologyas a sub-field of Psychology dated to the work of some notable writers such as Hugo Munsterberg, Fredrick Taylor, Eton Mayo, Abraham Maslow and so many others whose works are focused on the issues of man at work, functioning either as individuals or in groups. Our lives as individuals revolve around industries and organisations from where we sojourn either as workers or owners of businesses to make ends meet. - [The Concept of Staffing](https://educom360.com/the-concept-of-staffing/): The staffing function is one of the main activities of Personnel Psychologists in particular and I/O Psychologists and other trained human resource management experts. The gateway to the organisation is via the staffing activities of the human resource department. It is an important job role that incorporates three distinctive activities. - [Guerrilla Marketing](https://educom360.com/guerrilla-marketing/): The business environment is highly competition and in recent times marketers have evolved several approaches and strategies to stay above board. Guerilla marketing is one of such strategies. The aim of guerrilla marketing is to reach more people with a limited budget and a more effective message. This unit introduces you to the concept of Guerilla marketing, some of the key elements of guerilla marketing, the principles of guerilla marketing, the risks involved and the associated marketing trends. - [Fundamentals of Online Marketing. 3 Must-know Points](https://educom360.com/fundamentals-of-online-marketing/): Online marketing, also known as internet marketing, web marketing or e­-marketing is the marketing or promotion of products or services using the internet as a medium. - [Sports Marketing](https://educom360.com/sports-marketing/): Sports Marketing is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name. The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sports through sports. - [MARKETING OF SERVICES. 7 MAJOR POINTS](https://educom360.com/marketing-of-services/): Marketing of services is conducted in the same way as tangible goods. In practice, however, the characteristics that differentiate services from goods lead to different marketing programmes - [EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING PRICING DECISIONS](https://educom360.com/external-factors-affecting-pricing-decisions/): Apart from factors within a company, external factors affecting pricing decisions in a firm also include the nature of the market and demand, competition, and other environmental elements. - [Price and Pricing Decisions](https://educom360.com/price-and-pricing-decisions/): In this article, we shall be covering the role of price and pricing decision in the marketing mix, for instance, what price is, how it can be used, and how it is set relative to such factors as product costs, market demand - [THE PRODUCT-DEVELOPMENT PROCESS](https://educom360.com/the-product-development-process/): Generally, ideas can come from a variety of sources, it is however desirable to establish a formalised approach to generating new-product alternatives. This entails incorporating the firm's product­-development objectives. - [PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES](https://educom360.com/product-development-objectives/): It is very important to clearly state the objective of the product development effort in order to provide direction for product-development decisions. Generally, product development programmes may be designed to implement the corporate marketing plan or to implement the marketing strategy for a given product or product line. - [NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT](https://educom360.com/new-product-development/): This product life cycle poses one important challenge to organisations: since all product eventually decline (in sales or acceptance), the firm must find new products to replace ageing ones. The focus of this article therefore is on new product development. - [PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION](https://educom360.com/product-classification/): Several product classification systems have been devised for the efficient marketing of products and services. In the first place, all products and services can be broadly grouped into two major classes on the bases of the types of consumers that use them. These classes are: consumer products and industrial products. In the second place, these two groups are further subdivided into various subgroups - [Fundamental Product Concepts](https://educom360.com/fundamental-product-concepts/): This article introduces you to fundamental product concepts, beginning with a broad definition of "product". After this, we will see how marketers classify the products they deal with and, this is usually a vital step in designing your marketing strategy. The unit also takes you through the elements that make up a product. - [Theories of Business Ethics](https://educom360.com/theories-of-business-ethics/): This article examines three theories of business ethics. There are a good number of theories in Business ethics, but here we shall focus our attention on the major three of them. - [7 Ethical Issues in Business](https://educom360.com/ethical-issues-in-business/): Most of the ethical issues in businesses are rooted in the fact that political systems, laws, economic development and culture vary significantly from nation to nation. - [INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES](https://educom360.com/information-technology-management-strategies/):  This article deals with the strategic information technology system. In recent times, the principles of strategic management are being applied to manage information technology system delivery. - [Strategy Implementation: Organisation’s Response, Innovation and Politics](https://educom360.com/strategy-implementation-organisations-response-innovation-and-politics/): The strategic manager has as its responsibility the formulation and Strategy Implementation. However, the success of the strategy depends, to a large extent, on the working environment. - [ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE, LEADERSHIP AND REWARDS](https://educom360.com/organisational-culture-leadership-and-rewards/): This article addresses the relationship between an organisational culture, leadership and rewards. The article highlights how an organisation's strategy supportive culture can enhance high performance. It is also important to create a spirit of high performance in the organisation and to link rewards to the level of performance. Adequate policies are to be put in place by the leadership to ensure that those who fail to perform are not unduly punished but are encouraged to come up with bright ideas next time. - [Management Control Systems](https://educom360.com/management-control/): Management Control ensures the human physical and technological resources are allocated and utilised to achieve the overall purpose of the organisation. The feedback control is about monitoring the outputs desired against outputs achieved. There are many ways of management control which include feedback, feedforward, bench-marking and auditing.  Most of these are usually employed by progressive organisation. - [Shortcomings of BCG portfolio evaluation](https://educom360.com/shortcomings-of-bcg-portfolio-evaluation/): There are many shortcomings that are associated with BCG portfolio evaluation. These observed weaknesses of BCG created the obvious need for more probing techniques of business strategy evaluation. Other approaches include General Electric Motor (GE) approach and the life cycle matrix approaches, which take care of some of BCG"s weaknesses. - [Introduction to Strategy Evaluation](https://educom360.com/strategy-evaluation/): Approaches to strategy evaluation at the corporate level vary with a fiim"s make up. In an enterprise with a broad-based diverse revenue base, the main analytical considerations are - [STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AND EXECUTION](https://educom360.com/strategy-implementation-and-execution/):  This article deals with strategy implementation and execution which means that translating a decision into action is essentially an administrative task. The article discusses matching organisation's strategy implementation with the structure to be able to achieve the organisation's objectives. - [15 Types of Strategies in Business Management](https://educom360.com/types-of-strategies-in-business-management/): This article talks about the different types of strategies that are in use in various organisations for different organisational challenges and to address specific issues - [Strategy Formulation in Business](https://educom360.com/strategy-formulation/):  This article deals with strategy formulation, particularly, the essential elements that are involved in the formulation of strategy. It discusses how strategy formulation gives the direction that the organisation wants to go. The different levels of strategy formulation are enumerated. The article ends by giving vivid information on the background of strategy formulation in business organisations. - [Business Strategic Planning](https://educom360.com/business-strategic-planning/):  This article talks about strategic planning in an organisation. This was devised by corporate leaders to implement strategies that will enhance the competitiveness of each business unit. It differs from the yearly fiscal plans of the organisation. - [Introduction to Strategic Choice](https://educom360.com/introduction-to-strategic-choice/): This article deals with strategic choice. This implies that there are many alternating or array of strategies from which the organisation can chose based on the outcome of the organisation's environmental analysis. In making strategic choice, the manager must take cognizance of certain factors like structure and the culture of the organisation.    Strategic choice basically comprises strategy generation, strategy evaluation and selection. The techniques of doing these are presented in the article. - [Elements of SWOT analysis](https://educom360.com/elements-of-swot-analysis/): This article is about SWOT analysis, which has to do with the analysis or evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses; opportunities and threats (SWOT) to an organisation. The strengths and weaknesses deal with the internal circumstances of an organisation while the opportunities and the threats deal with the external environment of the organisation. - [Environmental analysis in Management](https://educom360.com/environmental-analysis-in-management/):  This article on strategic management course exposes you to the business of industry environmental analysis and diagnosis. The business environment comprises both external and internal environments, which are complex and are constantly changing. There are many environmental factors that directly or indirectly impact a particular business. They include factors that are beyond the control of the business organisations. - [Fundamental Approach to Strategic Management](https://educom360.com/fundamental-approach-to-strategic-management/): The fundamental approach to strategic management should be an integrated one. The approach should bring together various aspects of management such as marketing strategy, strategic planning, financing strategic formulation, choice (selection) implementation, evaluation including strategy on Information Communication and Technology (ICT). - [Introduction to Logarithm](https://educom360.com/introduction-to-logarithm/): The notation  is read “the logarithm (or log) base b of x .” The definition of a logarithm indicates that a logarithm is an exponent - [The Concept Business market](https://educom360.com/the-concept-business-market/): The business market consists of organizations that buy goods and services to produce other goods and services, to resell to other business users or consumers, or to conduct the organization's operations. - [Reliability and Validity of Measurement in Research](https://educom360.com/reliability-and-validity-of-measurement/):  For a statistical measurement to be fully meaningful, they should meet both reliability and validity conditions. - [4 SCALES OF MEASUREMENT IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH](https://educom360.com/4-scales-of-measurement-in-quantitative-research/):  The scales of measurement refer to the relationship among the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable. Scales of Measurement are so important that, first, in the sense that knowing the level of measurement helps you decide how to interpret the data from that variable. When one knows that a measure is nominal, then this indicates that the numerical values could be just short codes for the longer names. - [3 Types of interviews in Research](https://educom360.com/3-types-of-interviews-in-research/): Whatever types of interview conducted, they involve direct personal contact with the participant who is asked to answer questions. - [Psychoanalytic Theory of Career Choice – 5 Factors](https://educom360.com/psychoanalytic-theory-on-career-choice-5-factors-2/):  The psychoanalytic theory views career choice in terms of the individual and how he/she operates in isolation in the choice of his career. Basically, the system of psychoanalysis involves the mechanism of sublimation which provides an acceptable way for an individual to release portions of his psychic energies that would be unacceptable to society if expressed directly. Work is ideally suited to provide outlet for sublimated wishes and impulses. Considering the psychotherapeutic role of work, it has been suggested that some psychological factors aid in vocational choice. - [The Concept Business market](https://educom360.com/the-concept-business-market-2/): The business market consists of organizations that buy goods and services to produce other goods and services, to resell to other business users or consumers, or to conduct the organization's operations. It is an extremely large and complex market spanning a wide variety of business users that buy a board array of business goods and services. Besides manufacturing, the business market includes the agriculture, reseller, government, services, nonprofit, and international markets. - [The Factors affecting Business Marketing Demand](https://educom360.com/the-factors-affecting-business-marketing-demand/):  The Factors affecting Business Marketing Demand for business products are: (i) the number of potential business users; (i ) their purchasing power; (iii) buying motives, and (iv) buyer habits. Let us now discuss these factors in turn. - [4 CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSINESS MARKET DEMAND](https://educom360.com/4-characteristics-of-business-market-demand/): There are basically four characteristics of business market demand which differentiate the business market from the consumer market: - [NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE BUSINESS MARKET](https://educom360.com/nature-and-scope-of-the-business-market/):  The scope of the business market consists of all business users, organizations that buy goods and services for one of the following purposes - [Forming Good Customer Relationship](https://educom360.com/forming-good-customer-relationship/): There are mainly three retention building approaches to form good customer relationships, which we are looking at in this article. - [Customer Relationship Management (CRM)](https://educom360.com/customer-relationship-management-crm/): One technological approach designed specially to enable customer service and retention is customer relationship management (CRM). - [Factors influencing consumers Behaviour](https://educom360.com/factors-influencing-consumers-behaviour/): The ultimate Factors influencing consumers Behaviour can be examined using a five- part model: the buying-decision process, information, social and group forces, psychological forces and situational factors. - [Situational Influences on Customer’s Behaviour](https://educom360.com/situational-influences-on-customers-behaviour/): Situational influences tend to be less significant when the consumer is very loyal to a brand and when the consumer is highly involved in the purchase. - [Psychological Factors influence on Customer](https://educom360.com/psychological-factors-influence-on-customer/): One or more motives within a person activate goal-oriented behaviour. One such behaviour is perception, that is, the collection and processing of information. Other important Psychological Factors influence on Customer's decisions include learning, attitude formation, personality and self-concept. - [Social and Group Forces on Consumer Behaviour](https://educom360.com/social-and-group-forces-on-consumer-behaviour/): And our individual buying decisions, including the needs we experience, the alternatives we consider, and the way in which we evaluate them, are affected by the Social and Group Forces that surround us. - [CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR](https://educom360.com/consumer-buying-behaviour/): The aim of marketing is to meet and satisfy customers' needs and wants. The field of consumer behaviour studies how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use, and dispose of goods, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their needs and desires. - [TARGET MARKET STRATEGIES](https://educom360.com/target-market-strategies/): After thoroughly evaluating the different segments, the company can follow one of three target market strategies: market aggregation, single-segment concentration, or multiple­ segments targeting - [SEGMENTING INDUSTRIAL MARKETS](https://educom360.com/segmenting-industrial-markets/): Industrial markets can be segmented into some variables employed in consumer market segmentation. Such variables include geographic, benefits sought, and usage rate. - [Segmenting Consumer Market](https://educom360.com/segmenting-the-consumer-market/): In this article, we shall examine the major geographic, demographic, psychographic and behaviouristic variables used in segmenting consumer markets - [AN OVERVIEW OF MARKETS AND TARGET MARKET](https://educom360.com/an-overview-of-markets-and-target-market/): A market is the collection of people or organizations with (a) needs to satisfy (b) money to spend, and (c) the willingness to spend it. You should however understand that, within a total market, there is usually some differences among the buyers. For instance, not all consumers who own cars want to buy Peugeot brands, and not everyone who wears skirt suits wants to pay the same price or purchase them from boutiques. While some Consumers visit the beach in order to rest and relax, others do so for adventure and excitement. - [Annual Marketing Plan in Business](https://educom360.com/annual-marketing-planning/): Annual marketing plan is the master blueprint for a year's marketing activity for a specified organizational division or major product. It is usually a written document. - [THE STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING PROCESS](https://educom360.com/the-strategic-marketing-planning-process/): marketing planning process is a five-step process that assesses current performance; establishes specific marketing objectives; - [STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING](https://educom360.com/strategic-marketing-planning-2/): Companies that adopt the marketing concept realize that marketing efforts are more successful when they are carefully planned. Strategic marketing planning is the process of examining a company's market opportunities, allocating resources to capitalize on those opportunities, and predicting market and financial performance that is likely to occur. From this definition, you should understand that the aim of strategic planning is to shape the company's businesses and products so that they yield target profits and growth. - [THE MARKETING MIX: CONTROLLABLE MARKETING VARIABLES](https://educom360.com/the-marketing-mix-controllable-marketing-variables/): The second set of forces that make marketing an endlessly changing activity is put in motion by individual enterprises when they make continual adjustments in the control able marketing factors. These forces are known as the marketing mix. - [Explore the 2 Major Marketing Forces](https://educom360.com/the-marketing-forces/): A company's marketing system often operates within the framework of marketing forces, which constitutes the system's environment. - [ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING ENVIRONMENT](https://educom360.com/analysis-of-the-marketing-environment/):  Every move a marketer makes is affected by, and has some effect on his marketing environment. This could happen on a small scale, such as between a manufacturer and a retailer. It could also happen on a larger scale involving entire industries and governments. Very often, changes in the elements within the environment create new opportunities and eliminate old ones. - [Marketing Management Philosophies](https://educom360.com/marketing-management-philosophies/): Marketing management involves carrying out tasks to achieve desired exchanges with the target market. The question then is, what philosophy do we use to guide these marketing effects? - [MARKETING AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT](https://educom360.com/marketing-and-demand-management/):  Marketing and demand management can be defined as the analysis, planning, implementation, and control of programmes designed to create, build, and maintain beneficial exchanges with target buyers for the purpose of achieving organisational objectives. - [7 Marketing Functions Classifications](https://educom360.com/marketing-functions/): Marketing is made up of a number of activities known as marketing functions. Ordinarily, identifying these functions might look simple since it would appear necessary only to itemise the various activities required to move goods and services from producers to consumers. The difficulty of determining exactly where marketing begins and ends however, complicates the task of identifying and classifying marketing functions. - [THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MARKETING](https://educom360.com/the-building-blocks-of-marketing/): We may view marketing generally as resting on six inter-connected platforms. These are the building blocks of marketing, which are: needs, wants, and demands; products; value and satisfaction: exchange, transactions and relationships; market; marketing and marketers. We shall attempt to run through each of these platforms. - [INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING](https://educom360.com/introduction-to-marketing/): The economic system of any given society is made up of three basic elements. These are production, marketing and consumption. - [The Nature of Behaviour in Organizations](https://educom360.com/the-nature-of-behaviour-in-organizations/): Where do you place yourself in the school setting, is your part in the organization a part of management? Why is it necessary to study the behaviour of people we work with? Does the behaviour of members in the organization have an impact on their work performance and their leader or supervisor? Think about all these questions as you go through the text? - [Introduction to Organization and Management in Education](https://educom360.com/introduction-to-organization-and-management-in-education/): In this article, we will discuss the meaning of organization and management. We will also attempt to look at the different interpretations of the terms ‘management’ and ‘administration, and further examine the nature of behaviour in organizations. - [Social Development and socialization](https://educom360.com/social-development-and-socialization/): Social development is the process through which children learn what behavior is acceptable and expected. A set of standards is imposed on the child at birth that reflects values of the family and the society in which the child lives. ## Pages - [Decroly Psychology Video Feeds](https://educom360.com/decroly-psychology-video-feeds/): Welcome to the Decroly Psychology Video Feeds page! Here, you can explore a curated collection of insightful and engaging videos from the DecrolyPsych YouTube Channel. 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Pok pok salvia helvetica deep v, in polaroid qui single-origin coffee copper mug glossier. ## Products - [Sequences and series Grade 11](https://educom360.com/product/sequences-and-series-grade-11/): Sequences and series is the second grade 11 mathematics topics, which may also be used by other people, especially the grade 12 students, GCE candidates, the college students and teachers who need references. - [Relations and functions (Secondary Mathematics)](https://educom360.com/product/relations-and-functions-grade-11/): Relations and functions constitute a pillar and building blocks of all mathematics. They lay a foundation for understanding the most topics in the areas of mathematics. This is the reason why we have attached more importance to this topic. - [Square and Cube Roots G9](https://educom360.com/product/square-and-cube-roots-g9/): Square and cube roots is basically a grade 9 mathematics topic but which can be taken by any other student above or below that level. - [Properties of Waves and Light](https://educom360.com/product/properties-of-waves-and-light/): In this courses you will cover the topics related to the properties of waves, namely: Wave motion: e.g. vibrations in ropes, Springs Different types of wave: Transverse (water and light waves) and Longitudinal (sound waves) in terms of direction of oscillation The wave equation: Displacement-time and displacement – distance graphs of a wave. (Use the equation v = fl.) Use of waves in our life: radio, television, ultrasonic etc. Scientific terms: Propagation-transmission, reflection- and refraction of waves. Diffraction of waves using wide, narrow gaps, sharp edges. Two types of Interference of waves: such as Constructive and destructive The characteristics of sound waves: Loudness of sound and its amplitude Pitch of sound and its frequency Factors which influence the quality of sound: such as overtones or wave form of the note Production of sound using vibrating objects Sound wave essentials: rarefactions (stretches) and compressions (“Squashes”) Range of audible sound frequencies (20Hz to 20000Hz) Effects of sound waves traveling through air and a vacuum Speed of sound in air (approximately 330m/s) Respective speeds of sound in solids, liquids and gases The characteristics of sound waves: Loudness of sound and its amplitude Pitch of sound and its frequency Factors which influence the quality of sound: such as overtones or wave form of the note  - [Optics and light Waves (Grade 11)](https://educom360.com/product/optics-and-light-waves-grade-11/): Etymologically, the word optics comes from the ancient Greek word ὀπτική (OPTICKS), meaning appearance or look. Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. - [Linear Motion | Grade 10 Physics | Mechanics](https://educom360.com/product/linear-motion-grade-10-physics-mechanics/): This is a part of grade 10 physics, meant to explore linear motion (in one direction), with such features as speed, distance, acceleration, etc. - [Mass and Weight, Volume and Density](https://educom360.com/product/mass-and-weight-volume-and-density/): This one of the most important topics covering grade ten physics topics that are used to support other topics learnt later in the same grade 10 or later in grade eleven going beyond. You need to cover mass and weight as well as volume and density, in order to be able to deal with the topics on Force, for physical as well as Pressure for pure sciences. - [Introduction to Physics – Grade 10 Physics](https://educom360.com/product/introduction-to-physics-grade-ten-physics/): All the experiments that you will conduct along your academic journey, will draw knowledge from the introduction to physics. Mathematical knowledge, needed for secondary physics was also taken into consideration in this course. - [ICT – Information and Communication Technology Used in Education](https://educom360.com/product/ict-information-and-communication-technology-education/): Premium course for teachers and students ## - [Centigrade scale of temperature](https://educom360.com/?p=2831): Centigrade scale of temperature: Of or relating to a temperature scale on which the freezing point of water is 0 degrees and the boiling point of water is 100 degrees. - [Phases of the moon](https://educom360.com/?p=2828): The phases of the moon are the different appearances of the moon that result from the moon changing position in relation to both the earth and the sun. - [Eclipses](https://educom360.com/?p=2823): Eclipse occurs as the earth and the moon align themselves in positions which cast shadows on each other. For instance this would happen when the sun, the moon and the earth or the sun, the earth and the moon are in a straight line with each other. - [Psychology of Learning](https://educom360.com/?p=2471): Psychology of Learning is the area of psychology which provides necessary theoretical and empirical data regarding the learning process. - [Edward Thorndike](https://educom360.com/?p=2456): Edward Thorndike was an American psychologist. Who lived between 1884 and 1949. Thorndike titled his theory “Connectionism”. - [Albert Bandura](https://educom360.com/?p=2452): Albert Bandura, the developer of the social cognitive theory ,was born in Canada in 1925 on the 4th of December. ## Courses - [Introduction to Static Electricity](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/): Static electricity is stationary (i.e. not moving) and in all the examples above, it is produced by friction. It is usually produced when two surfaces are in close contact rub against each other. - [Coordinate Geometry Grade 11](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/): In Coordinate geometry for grade 11, you will expect to handle lines and points as well as the related calculations. - [Relations and functions Grade 11](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/): Relations and functions constitute a pillar and building blocks of all mathematics. They lay a foundation for understanding the most topics in the areas of mathematics. This is the reason why we have attached more importance to this topic. - [Sequences and series Grade 11](https://educom360.com/courses/sequences-and-series-grade-11/): Sequences and series is the second grade 11 mathematics topics, which may also be used by other people, especially the grade 12 students, GCE candidates, the college students and teachers who need references. - [Square and Cube Roots G9](https://educom360.com/courses/square-and-cube-roots-g9/): Square and cube roots is basically a grade 9 mathematics topic but which can be taken by any other student above or below that level. - [Optics and light Waves (Grade 11)](https://educom360.com/courses/optics-and-light-waves-grade-11/): Etymologically, the word optics comes from the ancient Greek word ὀπτική (OPTICKS), meaning appearance or look. - [PROPERTIES OF WAVES AND LIGHT](https://educom360.com/courses/properties-of-waves-and-light/): We experience the effects of waves every day in our lifetime, starting from the light and heat radiation from the sun to the earthquake and the lake or sea waves, not to mention even gravitational waves. - [MEASUREMENTS OF HEAT](https://educom360.com/courses/measurements-of-heat/): The aim of this course is to help students comprehend the measurements of heat, in terms of heat capacity and latent Heat. - [HEAT ENGINE](https://educom360.com/courses/heat-engine/): A heat engine is a device that uses heat energy to do work. The engine does work by changing heat energy into energy of motion. - [TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY](https://educom360.com/courses/transfer-of-thermal-energy/): There are many phenomena in real life, which involve transfer of thermal Energy. Keeping our buildings or houses in comfortable conditions, especially in terms of temperature in winter and in summer is one of them. - [MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE](https://educom360.com/courses/measurement-of-temperature/): Temperature, the measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the particles in a substance, is measured under condition of the fact that some properties of the substances making the matter change with the temperature or change in temperature. These properties are among others, density, electric resistance and expansivity. - [THERMAL EXPANSION](https://educom360.com/courses/thermal-expansion/): Thermal Expansion is one of the Grade 11 Physics courses, but which can be taken by the other students for knowledge and exam sake. - [SIMPLE PHENOMENA OF MAGNETISM](https://educom360.com/courses/simple-phenomena-of-magnetism/): Magnetism is a force exerted by magnetic objects without touching each other. - [KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER](https://educom360.com/courses/kinetic-theory-of-matter/): Kinetic Theory of matter is part of Grade 11 Physics. It covers the molecular model of the matter in its three states and applications. - [Force and its effects | Grade 10 Physics](https://educom360.com/courses/forces-dynamics/): A force is a push, a pull or a twist exerted on a body. The SI unit for force is newton (N), which is the force required to accelerate a one-kilogramme mass at a rate of one metre per second. Hooke’s Law states that: the amount of deformation of an elastic object is proportional to the forces applied to deform it. i.e. Newton’s First Law of Motion states that: “if no net force acts on an object, it maintains its state of rest or its constant speed in a straight line”. Inertia is a property that causes a body to resist changes in its state of motion and it depends directly with the mass of the object. Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that: “the acceleration of a body resulting from an applied force is proportional to that force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the body” F=ma Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that: “for every action force there exists a reaction force that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to that force”. Friction is a force which acts parallel to surfaces that are in contact and a direction opposite to the motion of the object or to the net force tending to produce the motion. The ratio of the frictional force to the normal contact force is called the coefficient of friction(μ); μ=F_f/F_N An object travelling along a circular path at a constant speed has an acceleration directed towards the centre of the circular path called centripetal acceleration: a=v^2/r . This acceleration results from a force directed towards the centre of the circular path called centripetal force : F=〖mv〗^2/r The centrifugal force is the apparent force that draws a rotating body away from the centre of rotation. It is caused by the inertia of the body as the body's path is continually redirected and it is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the centripetal force. When a car travels around a bend in the road, the maximum safe speed for the car is given by: v=√μgr The angular velocity (ω) is the angle turned through per unit time. It is measured in radian per second. ω=v/r. One revolution =2π radians(rad). - [Pressure in Fluids – Physics 10](https://educom360.com/courses/pressure/): A fluid is a substance that offers no permanent resistance to deforming force. Fluids include liquids and gases. Pressure is defined as force or thrust acting per unit area, the force being at right angles to the area i.e. Pressure=Force/Area. The SI unit for pressure is pascal (Pa) which equals one newton per square metre. A pressure exerted on us and over the surface of the earth by air molecules in the atmosphere is known as the atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure decreases with the increase in altitude and its unit is the atmosphere (atm) equivalent to 760mmHg or 101325Pa. Pascal’s principle: “Pressure exerted on a contained fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid, acting in all directions and perpendicular to the walls of the container”. This has applications in hydraulic machines and jacks, syringe, drinking straws, etc. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. Absolute pressure is the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure. Open-tube manometers have U-shaped tubes and one end is always open. It is used to measure pressure. A mercury barometer is a device that measures atmospheric pressure. Archimedes’ principle: “When a body is wholly or partly submerged in a fluid the upthrust equals the weight of fluid displaced (i.e. pushed aside)”. This principle is applied in ships designing, hot air balloon, submarine, etc. Principle of floatation: “A floating body displaces its own weight of fluid.” A material floats in a fluid if its density is the same as or less than that of the fluid. The pressure of fluids increases with depth, i.e. P=hgρ - [7 classical Simple Machines – Physics 10](https://educom360.com/courses/simple-machines/): A simple machine is a mechanical device that is designed to make work easier by changing the direction and/or magnitude of a force. - [Work and Energy and Power | Physics 10](https://educom360.com/courses/work-and-energy-and-power/): Work is the action of force moving an object. It is a measure of energy transfer. Work=force×distance. The SI unit for work is the joule, equivalent to Nm. Work can also be measured in kilowatt hour since joule is very small quantity of work. One kilowatt hour is the amount of work done by a machine with a power of 1kW in 1h. 1kW∙h=3600000J=3.6MJ Energy is the ability to do work and is measured in joules. The energy due to position or elevation is called gravitational potential energy (PE orE_g ) and is calculated from: E_g=mgh. Kinetic energy (KE or Ek) is the energy of a moving object. The kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and its speed or velocity, i.e. E_k=1/2 〖mv〗^2 Total mechanical energy (ET or TME) is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy and it is constant at all points of a falling or moving body. E_T=E_g+E_k The law of conservation of energy states that: “In any transfer or transformation of energy, the total amount of energy remains constant”. In a nuclear reaction, so much energy is released, hence violating the law of conservation of energy. This is explained in the theory of relativity established by Albert Einstein in 1905, stating that: “a decrease in mass of a system might show up as an increase in the energy of the system”. So mass is another form of energy. That energy is calculated from : E=mc^2 Power is the rate at which the work is done i.e. Power=(work done)/(time taken). The SI unit of power is the watt, equivalent to the joule per second. - [MOMENT OF FORCES AND EQUILIBRIUM IN PHYSICS](https://educom360.com/courses/moment-of-forces-and-equilibrium-in-physics/): We discovered in the previous course on concepts of forces, that an acceleration results when an unbalanced force acts on a body. This situation is related to the other physical phenomenon called moment of forces. - [LINEAR MOTION | GRADE 10 PHYSICS | MECHANICS](https://educom360.com/courses/linear-motion-grade-10-physics-mechanics/): Linear motion is part of grade 10 physics, focusing on the Mechanics or study of movements - [MASS AND WEIGHT, VOLUME AND DENSITY](https://educom360.com/courses/mass-and-weight-volume-and-density/): •Mass is the amount of matter a substance contains. Its SI unit is the kilogram (kg). The mass of an object remains constant at all times and under all conditions. •The measuring instruments of mass include various types of balance. •The centre of mass is the mean location of all the mass in a system. •Weight of the pull of the earth on an object and is measured in newton (N). The measuring instrument of weight is the spring balance. •The weight of an object varies directly with the mass and inversely with the distance from the centre of the earth. Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object and its SI unit is the cubic metre. Liquids take the shape of the container in which they are placed. The volume of liquid is commonly expressed in litres (l) which is a sub-unit of cubic metre (m3). The volume of liquid can be measured using instruments such as beaker, burette, pipette, measuring cylinder, etc. Since the liquids do not have fixed volume, they are used to measure the volume of irregular solids. The volume of any solid submerged in liquid is equal to the liquid it displaces. Density is the mass of a unit volume of a substance Density=Mass/Volume ; it is the measure of how closely the particles of a substance are spaced. The unit for density is kg/m3 or g/cm3 and its symbol is ρ. The relative density is defined as the ratio of the mass of any volume of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water. It has no unit since it is a ratio. The relative density is measured using the density bottle - [LENGTH AND TIME, THEIR USE IN PHYSICS](https://educom360.com/courses/length-and-time-and-their-use-in-physics/): There is an international system of units called the SI units (système International d’unités) which is most commonly used around the world and by scientists since 1968. Measurable features or properties of objects are often called physical quantities. All physical quantities should be quoted with their numerical value and their unit. Base quantities or fundamental quantities are those which are used to define all other quantities (or derived quantities) When dealing with very large or small number, express them in powers of ten known as “scientific notation or standard form”: M×〖10〗^n, where M is a number having a single non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point and n is a positive or negative exponent. Significant figures are those digits in a number that are known with certainty plus the first digit that is uncertain. Length is defined as a linear measurement of the distance between two points. Its SI unit is called the metre. Instruments used to measure length include the ruler, the engineer’s callipers, the micrometer screw gauge and the vernier callipers. Time is the measure of how long an event lasts and is measured in seconds. The measuring instruments of time include clocks and the pendulum. The time taken for the pendulum to oscillate once is the period (T) and is calculated from T=(Total time)/(number of oscillations) or t/n or T=2π√(l/g) and the number of oscillations made in one second is called its frequency and is measured in Hz; f=1/T or n/t - [SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS](https://educom360.com/courses/scientific-measurements/): •The système International d’Unités’ (International System of units) shortened to S.I. units is the metric system recommended at The conférence Générale des Poids et des Mesures (CGPM)’ (General Conference on Weight and Measures) as standard for use in any scientific measurements. •The SI Units uses seven base units from which all other units are derived from by multiplying or dividing one unit by another without introducing a numerical factor. •The SI base units are: Length, Mass, Time, Electric current, Thermodynamic temperature, Luminous intensity and Amount of substance •A system of prefixes has been created to simplify the expression of the physical values written in standard form. •The physical values written in the scientific notation or standard form are expressed in powers of ten in a way to assess the order of magnitude and to visually decrease the zeros that are got in the answer to some problems. •Accuracy is how close the value is to the actual value (remember A and a). •Precision is how close values are in an experiment to each other. Precision is dependent on the significant digits of the instrument or measurement. •If a number is very large or has infinite number of digits, then this number is made simpler by only referring to a specified number of digits. - [INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS – GRADE TEN PHYSICS](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-physics-grade-ten-physics/): Physics is defined as a natural science that involves the study of nature and its motion through space-time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. Physics principles are applied in our everyday activities such as cooking, driving, etc. The main activity of a physicist is based on experiment in order to understand the theoretical explanations and it is mainly conducted in the laboratory. The main causes of accidents in the laboratory are carelessness and ignorance and the most common sources of errors are Systematic, human and random errors. When conducting an experiment remember to put on protective clothing such as overcoat, apron and gloves; and protect your eyes using goggles. The results of experiments can be recorded using a table and used to plot a graph. From graph you can calculate the slope or gradient using the formula: Gradient G=y_(2-y_1 )/x_(2-x_1 ) =Y/X Interpolation: is the process of using the graph to predict the reading of measurements that lie between those actually made. Extrapolation: is the extension of the graph to include the range of the data required (common when obtaining zero on Kelvin scale) The right-angled triangle is used to define the trigonometric functions which are common mathematical tools used in physics: sinθ=(opposite leg)/hypotenuse cosθ=(Adjascent leg)/hypotenuse tanθ=(Opposite leg)/(Adjascent leg) Area is the extent or measurement of a flat surface bounded by length and breadth and its SI unit is the square metre. - [ICT – Information and Communication Technology](https://educom360.com/courses/information-and-communication-technology-education/): To train and develop a teacher with adequate knowledge and skills in Information and communication Technology who will be able to transfer knowledge and skills to young learners using a variety of approaches and strategies. ## Lessons - [LIGHTNING](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/lightning/): Lightning is the discharge of electrons occurring between two charged clouds or between a charged cloud and the earth. Lightning usually strikes the highest point, generally, chimneys or very tall trees and the current passes to the earth through the path of least resistance. In the process, considerable heat is produced. Such heat may split building or set them on fire. - [SPARKS AND ARCHING](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/sparks-and-arching/): When an object has an excess of electrons, they exert strong forces of repulsion on each other and move as far away from each other as possible. If such a charged object approaches another conductor, some electrons may even jump across the gap of air between the two. This type of discharge is called a spark. - [STATIC ELECTRICITY EFFECTS ON HEALTH](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/static-electricity-effects-on-health/): Photocopiers, air-conditioners, computers in the office, home appliances such as hair dryers, dishwashers, washing machines, cooling fans, and other equipment or appliances are known producers of static electricity when there is friction of air molecules. One computer operator was literally thrown from his chair by the force of the static voltage discharge as he switched on his computer. Where relative humidity is low, as much as 35,000 volts of static electricity can be produced by walking across a carpet, 12,000 volts from a vinyl floor, and 18,000 volts from a urethane foam-padded chair. - [RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/relationships-between-static-electricity-and-current-electricity/): RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STATIC ELECTRICITY AND CURRENT ELECTRICITY - [ELECTRIC DISCHARGE](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/electric-discharge/): ELECTRIC DISCHARGE - [CHARGING A SINGLE SPHERE BY INDUCTION](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/charging-a-single-sphere-by-induction/): CHARGING A SINGLE SPHERE BY INDUCTION - [CHARGING A TWO-SPHERE SYSTEM USING A CHARGED OBJECT](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/charging-a-two-sphere-system-using-a-charged-object/): CHARGING A TWO-SPHERE SYSTEM USING A CHARGED OBJECT - [CHARGING BY INDUCTION](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/charging-by-induction/): CHARGING BY INDUCTION - [CHARGING BY CONTACT](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/charging-by-contact/): CHARGING BY CONTACT - [CHARGING BY FRICTION](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/charging-by-friction/): CHARGING BY FRICTION - [DEFIBRILLATORS](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/defibrillators/): A defibrillator is a machine that can be used by paramedics to restart the heart if it stops working for some reasons. - [The Photocopier and Static Electricity](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/the-photocopier/): Photocopiers consist of a drum or belt covered with a layer of photoconductive material. A photoconductive material conducts electricity when struck by light (photo meaning light and conductive referring to conducting electrons). - [PAINT SPRAYING](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/paint-spraying/): Car manufacturers can save money by using charged paint spraying guns. They work because like charges repel and unlike charges attract. - [ELECTROSTATIC DUST PRECIPITATORS](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/electrostatic-dust-precipitators/): Electrostatic precipitators are used in industry for environmental protection. Smoke is produced when fossil fuels burn. Smoke is made of tiny solid particles, such as carbon. In factories, power plants and chemical plants smoke and other exhaust have to be treated to remove dust particles and other particulates before it is released into the atmosphere. - [ELECTROSTATIC LOCATOR](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/electrostatic-locator/): ELECTROSTATIC LOCATOR - [INDUCTION PLUS OPPOSITES ATTRACT](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/induction-plus-opposites-attract/): INDUCTION PLUS OPPOSITES ATTRACT - [Properties of static Charge](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/properties-of-static-charge/): Properties of Static charge - [Nature of Electric Charges](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/nature-of-electric-charges/): Nature of Electric Charges - [THE ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE OF MATTER](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/the-electrical-structure-of-matter/): Scientists have developed highly sophisticated and extremely accurate models of the structure of solids, liquids and gases since the second half of the 19th century. For a basic understanding of the electrical effects under consideration here, a rather simple model often used in the early part of the 20th century will serve well enough. The principal concepts embodied in this model may be summarised as follows: - [EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGES IN MATTER](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/existence-of-positive-and-negative-charges-in-matter/): EXPERIMENT 1.1: Existence of static charges - [ELECTROSTATIC EFFECT](https://educom360.com/courses/introduction-to-static-electricity/lesson/electrostatic-effect/): It is observable that: - [GRADIENT OF PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR LINES](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/gradient-of-parallel-and-perpendicular-lines/): GRADIENT OF PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR LINES - [THE EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE THROUGH TWO GIVEN POINTS](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/the-equation-of-a-straight-line-through-two-given-points/): THE EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE THROUGH TWO GIVEN POINTS - [THE EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE WITH GIVEN GRADIENT, PASSING THROUGH A GIVEN POINT](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/the-equation-of-a-straight-line-with-given-gradient-passing-through-a-given-point/): THE EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE WITH GIVEN GRADIENT, PASSING THROUGH A GIVEN POINT - [The equation with Y-Intercept of a Line](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/the-equation-with-y-intercept-of-a-line/): The equation with Y-Intercept of a Line - [THE EQUATION OF A LINE THROUGH THE ORIGIN WITH A GIVEN GRADIENT](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/the-equation-of-a-line-through-the-origin-with-a-given-gradient/): THE EQUATION OF A LINE THROUGH THE ORIGIN WITH A GIVEN GRADIENT - [THE SLOPE OF A STRAIGHT LINE](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/the-slope-of-a-straight-line/): THE SLOPE OF A STRAIGHT LINE - [The Midpoint Formulas](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/the-midpoint-formulas/): The Midpoint Formulas - [THE DISTANCE FORMULA](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/the-distance-formula/): The distance between two points (Formula) - [QUADRANTS](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/quadrants/): QUADRANTS - [COORDINATES OF A POINT](https://educom360.com/courses/coordinate-geometry-grade-11/lesson/coordinates-of-a-point/): COORDINATES OF A POINT - [Linear Function Table](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/linear-function-table/): Linear Function Table - [Domain and Range of a Linear function](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/domain-and-range-of-a-linear-function/): Domain and range of linear function - [The graph of a linear function](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/the-graph-of-a-linear-function/): The graph of a linear function is a straight line. The steps for making the graph of a linear function is as follows: - [Definition of Linear function](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/definition-of-linear-function/): A linear equation is a first degree equation in x and y. For example 2x - y = 6 is a linear equation. Graphically a linear equation is represented by a straight line in two dimensional coordinate system. The linear equation when written in the slope - intercept form y = mx + b can be regarded as a linear function f(x) = mx + b, for every input value of x the rule brings out exactly one output. - [Inverse Function](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/inverse-function/): INVERSE FUNCTIONS - [Composite Function](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/composite-function/): COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS - [REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/representation-of-functions/): COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS INVERSE FUNCTIONS REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS - [Definition of Function](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/definition-of-function/): A function is a set of ordered pairs in which each x-element has ONLY ONE y-element associated with it. - [Relation](https://educom360.com/courses/relations-and-functions-class-11/lesson/relation/): Relation: A relation is simply a set of ordered pairs. - [Geometric Sequences and Series](https://educom360.com/courses/sequences-and-series-grade-11/lesson/geometric-sequences-and-series/): GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE AND SERIES - [Arithmetic Sequences](https://educom360.com/courses/sequences-and-series-grade-11/lesson/arithmetic-sequences/): ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES - [Definition of Sequences and Series](https://educom360.com/courses/sequences-and-series-grade-11/lesson/definition-of-sequences-and-series/): Concepts of Sequences and Series ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE AND SERIES - [HOW TO COMPUTE CUBE ROOTS BY HAND](https://educom360.com/courses/square-and-cube-roots-g9/lesson/how-to-compute-cube-roots-by-hand/): HOW TO COMPUTE CUBE ROOTS BY HAND - [CUBE ROOTS OF NUMBERS](https://educom360.com/courses/square-and-cube-roots-g9/lesson/cube-roots-of-numbers/): CUBE ROOTS OF NUMBERS - [CUBING A NUMBER](https://educom360.com/courses/square-and-cube-roots-g9/lesson/cubing-a-number/): Cubing a number is to multiply it by itself twice. So  means ‘2 cubed’, and is written as 2^3. - [Video Tutorial](https://educom360.com/courses//lesson/video-tutorial/) - [CALCULATION OF A SQUARE ROOT BY HAND](https://educom360.com/courses/square-and-cube-roots-g9/lesson/calculation-of-a-square-root-by-hand/): CALCULATION OF A SQUARE ROOT BY HAND - [SQUARE ROOTS OF NUMBERS](https://educom360.com/courses/square-and-cube-roots-g9/lesson/square-roots-of-numbers/): SQUARE ROOTS OF NUMBERS - [Differentiation](https://educom360.com/courses//lesson/differentiation/) - [Gradient](https://educom360.com/courses//lesson/gradient/): CALCULUS - [SQUARING A NUMBER](https://educom360.com/courses/square-and-cube-roots-g9/lesson/squaring-a-number/): Square can be defined as the product of two equal terms, - [ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES](https://educom360.com/courses/optics-and-light-waves-grade-11/lesson/electromagnetic-waves/): Early in nineteenth century a scientist called William Herschel discovered that if a sensitive thermometer was held in the various colours of the spectrum, the reading on the thermometer went up. This shows that all colours of light produce some heat. When Herschel held the thermometer just beyond the red end of spectrum the reading on the thermometer suddenly shot up. His discovery suggested that there were invisible rays with longer wavelengths than that of visible light. These produced more heat than the rays of visible light. These rays are called infra-red rays. All bodies above absolute zero give off these rays. - [LENSES](https://educom360.com/courses/optics-and-light-waves-grade-11/lesson/lenses/): Lenses - [DISPERSION OF LIGHT](https://educom360.com/courses/optics-and-light-waves-grade-11/lesson/dispersion-of-light/): DISPERSION OF LIGHT - [REFRACTION OF LIGHT](https://educom360.com/courses/optics-and-light-waves-grade-11/lesson/refraction-of-light/): REFRACTION OF LIGHT - [REFLECTION OF LIGHT](https://educom360.com/courses/optics-and-light-waves-grade-11/lesson/reflection-of-light/): REFLECTION OF LIGHT - [Concept of light](https://educom360.com/courses/optics-and-light-waves-grade-11/lesson/concept-of-light/): Concept and Characteristics of light - [Noise Polution](https://educom360.com/courses/properties-of-waves-and-light/lesson/noise-polution/): Noise Polution - [Properties of Sound waves](https://educom360.com/courses/properties-of-waves-and-light/lesson/properties-of-sound-waves/): Properties of Sound waves - [Ultrasonic Waves](https://educom360.com/courses/properties-of-waves-and-light/lesson/ultrasonic-waves/): Ultrasonic Waves - [Introduction to Sound Waves](https://educom360.com/courses/properties-of-waves-and-light/lesson/introduction-to-sound-waves/): Introduction to Sound Waves - [The behaviour of waves](https://educom360.com/courses/properties-of-waves-and-light/lesson/the-behaviour-of-waves/): The behaviour of waves - [Concepts of Wave (Introduction)](https://educom360.com/courses/properties-of-waves-and-light/lesson/concepts-of-wave-introduction/): Concepts of Wave (Introduction) - [Latent heat](https://educom360.com/courses/measurements-of-heat/lesson/latent-heat/): LATENT HEAT - [HEAT CAPACITY](https://educom360.com/courses/measurements-of-heat/lesson/heat-capacity/): Heat Capacity - [Functions of Four-stroke Engines](https://educom360.com/courses/heat-engine/lesson/functions-of-four-stroke-engines-2/): Functions of Four-stroke Engines - [Functions of Four-stroke Engines](https://educom360.com/courses/heat-engine/lesson/functions-of-four-stroke-engines/): Functions of Four-stroke Engines - [Types of Heat Engines](https://educom360.com/courses/heat-engine/lesson/types-of-heat-engines/): Types of Heat Engines - [Radiation](https://educom360.com/courses/transfer-of-thermal-energy/lesson/radiation/): Radiation - [Convection in Fluids](https://educom360.com/courses/transfer-of-thermal-energy/lesson/convection-in-fluids/): Convection in Fluids - [Conduction](https://educom360.com/courses/transfer-of-thermal-energy/lesson/conduction/): Conduction - [LIQUID-IN-GLASS THERMOMETERS and other types](https://educom360.com/courses/measurement-of-temperature/lesson/liquid-in-glass-thermometers-and-other-types/): LIQUID-IN-GLASS THERMOMETERS and other types - [PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE](https://educom360.com/courses/measurement-of-temperature/lesson/physical-properties-and-measurement-of-temperature/): PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE - [Gaz Laws](https://educom360.com/courses/thermal-expansion/lesson/gaz-laws/): Gaz Laws - [APPLICATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF THERMAL EXPANSION](https://educom360.com/courses/thermal-expansion/lesson/applications-and-consequences-of-thermal-expansion/): APPLICATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF THERMAL EXPANSION - [EXPANSION OF SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES](https://educom360.com/courses/thermal-expansion/lesson/expansion-of-solids-liquids-and-gases/): Thermal Expansion - [Magnetisation and Demagnetisation](https://educom360.com/courses/simple-phenomena-of-magnetism/lesson/magnetisation-and-demagnetisation/): MAGNETISATION AND DEMAGNETISATION - [Properties of Magnets](https://educom360.com/courses/simple-phenomena-of-magnetism/lesson/properties-of-magnets/): PROPERTIES OF MAGNETS - [Applications of Kinetic Theory of Matter](https://educom360.com/courses/kinetic-theory-of-matter/lesson/applications-of-kinetic-theory-of-matter/): Applications of Kinetic Theory of Matter - [States of matter](https://educom360.com/courses/kinetic-theory-of-matter/lesson/states-of-matter/): States of matter - [ASSUMPTIONS OF KINETIC THEORY](https://educom360.com/courses/kinetic-theory-of-matter/lesson/assumptions-of-kinetic-theory/): The matter is made up of very small particles called molecules. Molecules are made up of a number of atoms of either the same or different elements which are bonded together. - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/pressure/lesson/draft-lesson-16/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/simple-machines/lesson/draft-lesson-15/) - [DIFFERENT TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES](https://educom360.com/courses/simple-machines/lesson/different-types-of-simple-machines/): Simple machines are the elementary "building blocks" of which all more complicated machines (sometimes called "compound machines” to emphasise that they are combinations of the simpler building blocks) are composed. For example, wheels, levers, and pulleys are all used in the mechanism of a bicycle. - [ENERGY, WORK AND POWER](https://educom360.com/courses/work-and-energy-and-power/lesson/energy-work-and-power/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/moment-of-forces-and-equilibrium-in-physics/lesson/draft-lesson-14/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/forces-dynamics/lesson/draft-lesson-13/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/forces-dynamics/lesson/draft-lesson-12/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/forces-dynamics/lesson/draft-lesson-10/) - [ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY: FREE FALL](https://educom360.com/courses/linear-motion-grade-10-physics-mechanics/lesson/acceleration-due-to-gravity-free-fall/) - [EQUATIONS OF UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED LINEAR MOTION](https://educom360.com/courses/linear-motion-grade-10-physics-mechanics/lesson/equations-of-uniformly-accelerated-linear-motion/): EQUATIONS OF UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED LINEAR MOTION - [OVERSPEEDING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES](https://educom360.com/courses/linear-motion-grade-10-physics-mechanics/lesson/overspeeding-and-its-consequences/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/linear-motion-grade-10-physics-mechanics/lesson/draft-lesson-11/) - [SPEED, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION](https://educom360.com/courses/linear-motion-grade-10-physics-mechanics/lesson/speed-velocity-and-acceleration/) - [SCALARS AND VECTORS](https://educom360.com/courses/linear-motion-grade-10-physics-mechanics/lesson/scalars-and-vectors/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/mass-and-weight-volume-and-density/lesson/draft-lesson-9/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/mass-and-weight-volume-and-density/lesson/draft-lesson-8/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/mass-and-weight-volume-and-density/lesson/draft-lesson-7/) - [Draft Lesson](https://educom360.com/courses/mass-and-weight-volume-and-density/lesson/draft-lesson-6/) ## - [Strategy](https://educom360.com/?p=2883): A strategy is a plan that integrates an organisation's major goal, policies and action sequences into a cohesive unit that is achievable. - [Selenium](https://educom360.com/?p=2808): Se or selenium, refers to a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulphur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulphide ores (as pyrite). The atomic number for selenium is 34 - [Annular eclipse](https://educom360.com/?p=2817): Annular eclipse is the solar eclipse whereby only a thin outer disk of the sun can be seen - [Angle of deviation](https://educom360.com/?p=2814): Angle of deviation is an angle between the original direction of the incident ray and the refracted ray. - [Anechoic material](https://educom360.com/?p=2807): Anechoic: Not having or producing echoes; sound-absorbent - [Cathode ray oscilloscope](https://educom360.com/?p=2800): Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO): is an electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities - [Amorphous solid](https://educom360.com/?p=2798): Amorphous solids: is a solid without real or apparent crystalline form. The lattice structure of an amorphous solid is an irregular, disordered pattern. E.g.: charcoal and sulphur. - [Carburettor](https://educom360.com/?p=2795): Carburettor is a device in an internal-combustion engine for mixing air with a fine spray of liquid prior to explosion. - [Calorie](https://educom360.com/?p=2790): Calorie Is a unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade at atmospheric pressure - [Alnico](https://educom360.com/?p=2786): Alnico is the trade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminium and iron and nickel plus cobalt, copper or titanium. - [Adiabatic Process](https://educom360.com/?p=2780): Adiabatic: occurring without loss or gain of heat. In an adiabatic process, no heat is exchanged (Q = 0). The work W done by a gas at constant pressure P is given by W = P ∆V, where ∆V is the change in volume of the gas. - [Adhesive forces](https://educom360.com/?p=2781): Adhesive forces, also known as adhesion, are Forces of attraction between molecules of different substances - [Bulb](https://educom360.com/?p=2775): Bulb is the lower part of a liquid-in-glass thermometer which contains the liquid used by that thermometer to measure temperature. - [Elasticity](https://educom360.com/?p=2771): Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original state or its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed by an external force. - [Plasticity](https://educom360.com/?p=2768): Plasticity is the property of a material by which some permanent deformation remains even after the force producing it has been removed. - [Ductility](https://educom360.com/?p=2765): Ductility  is the property of a material which governs whether it can be stretched and drawn into wires of small cross-section where there will be considerable deformation without fracture. - [Malleability](https://educom360.com/?p=2766): Malleability is the property which allows a material to be rolled into thin sheets without breaking. E.g. Iron, copper and aluminium can be rolled into thin sheets - [Brittleness](https://educom360.com/?p=2759): Brittleness is one of the properties of some solids of their being Firm but easily broken when bent. It is the property of a material which is fragile and breaks suddenly when a force is applied to it. - [Brine](https://educom360.com/?p=2756): Brine is a strong solution of salt and water used for pickling - [Brass](https://educom360.com/?p=2755): Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc - [Boiling point](https://educom360.com/?p=2754): Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid boils at sea level - [Blue sky](https://educom360.com/?p=2747): Blue sky is the sky as viewed during daylight - [Bimetallic strip](https://educom360.com/?p=2746): Bimetallic strip is a strip consisting of two metals that bends with a rise in temperature - [Absolute zero](https://educom360.com/?p=2742): Absolute zero is The lowest temperature theoretically attainable (at which the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules is minimal); 0 Kelvin or -273.15 centigrade or -459.67 Fahrenheit - [Inertia](https://educom360.com/?p=2733): Inertia is a property that causes a body to resist changes in its state of motion (it is referred to as the internal resistance of a body). - [Velocity](https://educom360.com/?p=2732): Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time and it involves the idea of direction. While speed describes only how fast an object is moving, velocity gives both how fast and in what direction the object is moving. - [Force](https://educom360.com/?p=2729): In physics, a force is any influence that causes a free body to undergo acceleration. Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or pull that can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. - [Physics](https://educom360.com/?p=2724): Physics (from Greek: physis "nature") is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space-time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. - [Zeroing](https://educom360.com/?p=2721): Zeroing is the act of adjusting (a measuring instrument or device) to zero value. - [Trigonometry](https://educom360.com/?p=2718): Trigonometry is the mathematics of triangles and trigonometric functions. - [Transmutation](https://educom360.com/?p=2719): Transmutation is the change of one chemical element into another (as by nuclear decay or radioactive bombardment). - [Work](https://educom360.com/?p=2712): Work is The transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force. - [Windmill](https://educom360.com/?p=2700): Windmill is a generator that extracts usable energy from winds. It is also called a wind power generator - [Transuranic element](https://educom360.com/?p=2711): Transuranic element is Any element having an atomic number greater than 92 (which is the atomic number of uranium); all are radioactive. - [Vernier scale](https://educom360.com/?p=2704): Vernier scale is a small movable scale that slides along a main scale; the small scale is calibrated to indicate fractional divisions of the main scale. - [Trailing zero](https://educom360.com/?p=2696): Trailing zero is Any zero at the end of a decimal portion of a decimal number. E.g. in 1.00: the two zeroes are trailing and are significant. - [Total mechanical energy](https://educom360.com/?p=2693): Total mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy a body possesses. - [Velocity ratio](https://educom360.com/?p=2691): Velocity ratio (VR) is the ratio of the distance moved by effort to the distance moved by the load in the same time on a simple machine. It is found by VR=  (Effort distance)/(Load distance) - [Torque](https://educom360.com/?p=2688): Torque is a twisting force. It is a type of force that tends to rotate the object it is applied on. - [Thrust](https://educom360.com/?p=2685): Thrust is the force that is used in pushing something. It is also referred to as thrust force or at times drive force. - [Vacuum pump](https://educom360.com/?p=2681): Vacuum pump is a pump that is used to move air in or out of something. - [Tension](https://educom360.com/?p=2672): Tension is a stress that produces an elongation of an elastic physical body. This is a result of the action of a pulling force attempting to extend an object in length. - [Thermal pollution](https://educom360.com/?p=2678): Thermal pollution is any harm to lakes and rivers resulting from the release of excessive waste heat into them. This is very common in the areas near the nuclear reactors. - [Useful energy output](https://educom360.com/?p=2675): Useful energy output is the fraction of energy(input) invested into the machine that is utilised to do the intended work. - [Upthrust](https://educom360.com/?p=2670): Upthrust is the upward force that a fluid exerts on a body floating in. It usually applies in fluid pressure. - [Systematic error](https://educom360.com/?p=2665): Systematic error is the error in measurement, caused by using faulty instruments. - [Unstable equilibrium](https://educom360.com/?p=2666): Unstable equilibrium is a state of equilibrium of a body such that when the body is slightly displaced it departs further from the original position. - [Static friction](https://educom360.com/?p=2660): Static friction is the friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface on which it is resting. - [Standard form](https://educom360.com/?p=2652): Standard form also known as Scientific notation, is a way of writing down very large or very small numbers easily using generally two digits and the powers of ten. - [Unbalanced force](https://educom360.com/?p=2657): Unbalanced force is the force that is not being balanced by a force of equal magnitude and in the opposite direction. - [Turbine](https://educom360.com/?p=2653): Turbine is the rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted into mechanical energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate. - [Stable equilibrium](https://educom360.com/?p=2654): Stable equilibrium is the kind of equilibrium of a body so placed that if moved it will return to its original position as the case of a pea on a spoon. - [Reaction force](https://educom360.com/?p=2641): Reaction force is the force which the second body exerts on the first. - [spout](https://educom360.com/?p=2642): Spout is an opening or a small pipe that allows the passage of liquids from a eureka can. - [Speedometer](https://educom360.com/?p=2637): Speedometer is a meter fixed to a vehicle that measures and displays its speed. - [Random errors](https://educom360.com/?p=2631): Random errors are the errors caused by fluctuations of factors outside the range of the experiment and usually outside the control of the experimenter. - [Speeding](https://educom360.com/?p=2633): Speeding is the act or practice of exceeding the speed limit. - [Ramp](https://educom360.com/?p=2629): The Ramp or inclined plane is An inclined surface connecting two levels. - [Radian](https://educom360.com/?p=2625): Radian is the unit of plane angle adopted under the Système International d'Unités; equal to the angle at the centre of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the radius (approximately 57.295 degrees). - [Space-time](https://educom360.com/?p=2621): Space-time refers to the four-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located. - [Significant figures](https://educom360.com/?p=2619): Significant figures: Any digit of a number that is known with certainty; any digit of a number beginning with the leftmost non-zero digit and ending with the rightmost non-zero digit (or a zero considered to be the exact value). - [Projectile](https://educom360.com/?p=2616): A Projectile is an object that is forcibly thrown or projected but is not self-propelled or not falling under the influence of gravity alone. - [Prefixes](https://educom360.com/?p=2614): Prefixes refers to an affix that is added in front of the SI base quantities to indicate their multiples and sub­units in terms of the factors of ten. - [Precision](https://educom360.com/?p=2611): Precision refers to the number of significant digits to which a number is calculated or can be measured reliably. - [S.I. units](https://educom360.com/?p=2610): S.I. units or Système International d’Unités. A complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists; fundamental quantities are length (meter) and mass (kilogram) and time (second) and electric current (ampere) and temperature (kelvin) and amount of matter (mole) and luminous intensity (candela). - [Power](https://educom360.com/?p=2607): Power in physics is the rate of doing work; measured in watts (= joules/second) - [Robert Hooke](https://educom360.com/?p=2604): Robert Hooke is an English scientist who formulated the law of elasticity and proposed a wave theory of light and formulated a theory of planetary motion and proposed the inverse square law of gravitational attraction and discovered the cellular structure of cork and introduced the term 'cell' into biology and invented a balance spring for watches (1635-1703). - [Rolling friction](https://educom360.com/?p=2598): Rolling friction is the frictional resistance to rotation or energy losses in rolling bearings. - [Plumbline](https://educom360.com/?p=2596): Plumbline is a cord from which a metal weight is suspended pointing directly to the earth's centre of gravity; used to determine the vertical from a given point. - [Pitch ](https://educom360.com/?p=2594): Pitch is the distance between successive threads of a screw. - [Pascal’s principle](https://educom360.com/?p=2587): Pascal’s principle states that Pressure applied anywhere to a body of fluid causes a force to be transmitted equally in all directions; the force acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid. - [Retardation](https://educom360.com/?p=2583): Retardation or Deceleration, is a decrease in rate of change in velocity with time, a.k.a. Negative acceleration. - [Parallax errors](https://educom360.com/?p=2581): Parallax errors are errors that occur when the line of sight or measure is not at right angles (perpendicular) to the objects being measured. - [Resultant vector](https://educom360.com/?p=2579): Resultant vector is a vector that is the sum of two or more other vectors. - [Resistance distance](https://educom360.com/?p=2570): Resistance distance is the distance the object moved by the object you are doing work on. - [Resistance](https://educom360.com/?p=2574): Resistance is any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion. - [Rear-heavy](https://educom360.com/?p=2572): Rear-heavy (opposite to nose-heavy): Used on a transport vehicle. It is the characteristics of Having the centre of gravity located backward of the centre of lift so that the rear part tends to drop when the longitudinal control is released. - [Reading](https://educom360.com/?p=2567): A Reading on a measuring instrument or tool in physical sciences is a datum or set of data about some physical state that is presented to a user by a meter or similar instrument. - [Reaction time](https://educom360.com/?p=2563): Reaction time refers to the time that elapses between a stimulus and the response to it. - [Oscillation](https://educom360.com/?p=2564): Oscillation is a regular periodic movement of a pendulum bob about its mean position. - [Ordinate](https://educom360.com/?p=2526): Ordinate is the value of a coordinate on the vertical axis. - [Nose-heavy](https://educom360.com/?p=2523): Nose-heavy means Having the centre of gravity located forward of the centre of lift so that the nose tends to drop when the longitudinal control is released. - [Alnico](https://educom360.com/?p=2490): Alnico is a trade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminium and iron and nickel plus cobalt, copper or titanium. - [Tropism](https://educom360.com/?p=2485): Tropism is the growth of a plant in a specific direction in response to a stimulus. - [Artificial pollination](https://educom360.com/?p=2482): Artificial pollination is the type of plant cross breeding that takes place when pollen is intentionally transferred by humans from one plant to another. It is used in plant breeding to produce plants with specific traits. - [Cross pollination](https://educom360.com/?p=2479): Cross pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant. There two agents of cross pollination are insects and wind. - [Self-pollination](https://educom360.com/?p=2476): Self-pollination is the transfer or fall of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma on the same plant. Usually insects bring about self-pollination of a flower by transferring pollen from the anther to the stigma in the same flower. - [Flower](https://educom360.com/?p=2473): Flower is a plant organ which is specialized for sexual reproduction. The flower is made up of rings of modified leaves on a specialized stem. The pedicel supports the flower and connects it to the stem of the plant. The larger end of the pedicel is called the receptacle to which the other parts are attached. Sepals are leaf-like structures that form a ring around the base of the flower. - [Reaction time](https://educom360.com/?p=2342): Reaction time is the time that elapses between a stimulus and the response to it. - [Neutral equilibrium](https://educom360.com/?p=2433): Neutral equilibrium refers to the kind of equilibrium whereby a body is so placed that when moved slightly it neither tends to return to its former position nor move away from it, as the case of a ball on a horizontal plane. - [Net force](https://educom360.com/?p=2430): Net force is the overall force acting on an object. - [Natural science](https://educom360.com/?p=2425): Natural science refers to all the sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena. - [Motion](https://educom360.com/?p=2427): Motion is the act of changing location from one place to another. - [Methylated spirit](https://educom360.com/?p=2421): Methylated spirit is a solution of Ethyl alcohol denatured with methyl alcohol to prevent its use as an alcoholic beverage. - [Meniscus](https://educom360.com/?p=2413): Meniscus is the curved upper surface of a non-turbulent liquid in a vertical tube. - [Mechanical advantage](https://educom360.com/?p=2417): Mechanical advantage (MA) is the ratio of the force exerted by a machine to the force applied to it. - [Material](https://educom360.com/?p=2414): Material or Matter is anything which has mass and occupies space - [Mean position](https://educom360.com/?p=2406): Mean position or Equilibrium position is the rest position of the bob of a simple pendulum. - [Manometers](https://educom360.com/?p=2403): Manometers is a pressure gauge for comparing pressures of a gas. - [Load](https://educom360.com/?p=2399): Load or the Resistance force (in physics), is the force that you and your machine are working against. This is mostly the weight of the load.